Biblically Compatible Archaeology and Geography

by Damien F. Mackey “Because of its glorious past and strategic position, Karkemish was fully entitled to become a sort of western capital of the Assyrian Empire: a perfect place in which to display the grandeur of Assyria, and from which to control the western and north-western territories of the empire.” Gianni Marchesi I, in light of the new geographical revolution as set out by Richard (Royce) Erickson, radically moving Elam and Chaldea far to the NW: More geographical ‘tsunamis’: lands of Elam and Chaldea https://www.academia.edu/104403646/More_geographical_tsunamis_lands_of_Elam_and_Chaldea?f_ri=32226 and hence being forced to consider a new location for Babylon - known to have been situated relatively close to Elam and Chaldea - first toyed with the idea of ancient Byblos for Babylon, before settling, instead, on Carchemish for Babylon (Karduniash): Correction for Babylon (Babel). Carchemish preferable to Byblos (2) Correction for Babylon (Babel). Carchemi...

by Damien F. Mackey Now, given the likeness of the name Antef, to Ankhtifi, my Joseph … and the likeness of Antef’s variants, Intef/Inyotef, to Imhotep (Joseph), plus the fact that a great Famine occurred during the time of Intef, I may have been somewhat remiss to date for not including Antef/Intef in my list … of potential candidates for the biblical Joseph. Ankhtifi is the name closest to Joseph’s given Egyptian name, Zaphenath paneah (Genesis 41:45) amongst the names of all of my many proposed historical identifications for the biblical Joseph in ancient Egypt - for instance all of these names (below) as listed in my article: Was this the original ‘Famine Stela’? (7) Was this the original 'Famine Stela'? The multi-named Joseph From what we have just read, Joseph’s names may include Imhotep; Khasekhemwy-Imhotep; Hetep-Khasekhemwy; Khasekhem; Sekhemkhet; Den (Dewen, Udimu); Khasti; Uenephes; Usaphais (Yusef); Zaphenath paneah; Ankhtifi; Bebi and perha...

by Damien F. Mackey “Traces of other such enclosures have also been found: one to the immediate west of Netjerikhet’s complex and one apparently between Sekhemkhet’s pyramid and the ‘Great Enclosure’. It has been suggested that these enclosures bear a striking resemblance to similar structures found near Umm el-Qa’ab. The largest of these enclosures, named Shunet ez-Zebib, has been identified as having belonged to Khasekhemwi. It is believed that this structure was intended as a simulacrum of the royal palace, a copy that the king would take with him to the hereafter”. ancient-egypt.org 2025 Introduction The Third Dynasty of ancient Egypt’s Old Kingdom has proven to be something of a rich goldmine for discovering historical proof of the reality of Joseph and the Famine, as recorded late in the Book of Genesis (esp. Chapters 41-43). Joseph as the celebrated vizier, Imhotep, the pious sage serving Horus Netjerikhet, had saved Egypt from a seven-year Famine. This is ...

by Damien F. Mackey “Ahaneith was an ancient Egyptian woman, who lived during the First Dynasty of Egypt. She was named after the goddess Neith”. wikipedia.org By an enlargement of the Famine Era of the biblical Joseph - as having occurred in the popularly considered (in part due to the Famine Stela) Third Dynasty (Old Kingdom) reign of Horus Netjerikhet, assisted by his sage, Imhotep (Joseph himself) - I have also included Netjerihedjet (known as Mentuhotep II) of the so-called ‘Middle’ Kingdom’s Eleventh Dynasty, he being favoured by some scholars as being Joseph’s Pharaoh. But the Horus name, Netjerihedjet, with its -djet ending, would lead me further to conclude, in my rather fancifully named article: Taking a Djet to Djoser’s Famine (4) Taking a Djet to Djoser's Famine that my composite pharaoh was also king Djet of the Archaïc period’s First Dynasty, apparently, too, a time of “great famine”: “Manetho states that during the reign of [King Djet], there was...

by Damien F. Mackey “The ancient Israelites created “a historical saga so powerful that it led biblical historians and archaeologists alike to recreate its mythical past— from stones and potsherds,” said Israeli scholar and archaeologist Israel Finkelstein. …. In other words, according to them, the Exodus never happened. Critical scholars like Halpern and Finkelstein view the Israelites’ Exodus from Egypt as mere storytelling, but with a moral message”. Randall Price Introduction What a spiritually-filled and action-packed document the Book of Exodus is! Even before we have managed to reach Chapter 4 - the return of Moses to Egypt from the land of Midian - so many exciting, agonising, yet providential events have occurred. These are: - The enslavement of the growing nation of Israel - which had long had it good in the fertile region of Goshen where Joseph had settled it - by a new dynastic Pharaoh to whom Joseph meant little (Exodus 1:8); - the slaves set to task to...

by Damien F. Mackey The occurrence of the name “Shiphrah” and other Hebrew (NW Semitic) type names in the late Middle Kingdom’s Brooklyn Papyrus had constituted an integral part of my detailed argument that Egypt’s: Twelfth Dynasty oppressed Israel https://www.academia.edu/38553314/Twelfth_Dynasty_oppressed_Israel Here is just a part of what I wrote there: The widespread presence of ‘Asiatics’ in Egypt at the time would help to explain the large number of Israelites said to be in the land. Pharaoh would have used as slaves other Syro-Palestinians, too, plus Libyans and Nubians. As precious little, though, is known of Cheops, despite his being powerful enough to have built one of the Seven Wonders of the World, we shall need to fill him out later with his 12th dynasty alter ego. In Cheops’ daughter, Mer-es-ankh, we presumably have the Merris of tradition who retrieved the baby Moses from the water. The name Mer-es-ankh consists basically of two elements, Meres and ankh,...

by Damien F. Mackey “The kingdom of Mitanni, located in northern Syria, and the 12th Dynasty of Egypt … were contemporaries who engaged in a limited amount of trade and diplomatic interactions. While the 12th Dynasty primarily focused on the Nile Valley and its immediate surroundings, the Mitanni controlled important trade routes in Mesopotamia and northern Syria”. AI Overview Ancient Egypt becoming cosmopolitan The dynasty that began the cruel Oppression of Israel, the Twelfth Dynasty (including its various Old Kingdom manifestations), faded out while Moses was yet exiled in Midian (Exodus 4:19), its last ruler being a woman who has been triplicated in conventional Egyptian history (as Khentkaus, Nitocris and Sobekneferure). During the course of this great dynasty, Egypt advanced technologically. According to Nicolas Grimal (A History of Ancient Egypt, 1994, pp. 165-166): “Foreign workers were also flowing into Egypt, bringing with them new techniques and preparing th...