Biblically Compatible Archaeology and Geography

 by   Damien F. Mackey     Upon close examination, the Book of Genesis appears to provide us with several vital clues about the “Pharaoh” encountered by Abram and Sarai.     These may be such clues as can assist us in determining just who was, in the Egyptian records, this enigmatic ruler. From a study of the structure of the relevant Genesis passages, from toledôt and chiasmus, as considered in my article:   Toledôt Explains Abram's Pharaoh   https://www.academia.edu/26239534/Toled%C3%B4t_Explains_Abrams_Pharaoh   we learned that the biblical pharaoh:   Was the same as the Abimelech of Gerar, ruler of the Philistines, contemporaneous with both Abram (Abraham) and Isaac.   Which means that:   This particular pharaoh must have reigned for at least 60+ years (the span from Abram’s famine to the marriage of Isaac and Rebekah).   The era of Abram also closely approximated, we have found - as archaeol

    by   Damien F. Mackey           Toledôt and chiasmus, the keys to the structure of the Book of Genesis, may lead us to a real name for this “Pharaoh”.         1. The Toledoth Guide   Since it was common in ancient Egyptian documents for the ruler of Egypt to be referred to therein simply as “Pharaoh” (Egyptian per-aa: “The Great House”. “Palace”),   pr-aa "Great house" in hieroglyphs   critics are not correct, therefore, in their claim that the lack of an Egyptian name (such as e.g. “Khety”, “Thutmose”, or “Ramesses”) for the ruler in the case of the Abram and Joseph narratives of Genesis (cf. 12:15 and 39:1) is a further testimony, as they think, to these texts being unhistorical. Since these texts refer to the ruler of Egypt only as “Pharaoh”, it is argued that we ought not to take them as being serious histories. It appears